What is commonly referred to as the 'West Lothian' question?

The 'West Lothian' question specifically addresses the issue of whether there should be a separate English Parliament. This term originated from a statement made by the Labour MP Tam Dalyell concerning the constitutional implications of devolution in the United Kingdom, particularly in relation to the different voting rights of Members of Parliament from Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland compared to those from England.

The essence of the question is about the fairness and democracy of allowing MPs from Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland to vote on matters that are solely English, while English MPs do not have a reciprocal right to influence devolved issues in those nations. This situation raises significant concerns about representation and governance within the UK, hence the inquiry into the necessity and efficacy of establishing a distinct parliamentary system for England alone.

This question is critical in discussions about the balance of power in a devolved UK and it explores the implications of regional representation and accountability within the democratic framework, making option C the correct choice.